To write correct English, spellings of the various words must be correct. In the English alphabet, there are 26 letters, which are of two kinds, viz. (i) Vowele, (ii) Consonants.
Vowels are: A E I O U
Consonants Are : B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Y Z.
A Suffix is a group of letters added to the end of a word: beauty = beautiful ( ful is the suffix.)
Spelling Rules:-
To write correct spellings one must know the spelling rule.
RULE - 1: Doubling the Consonant:-
In words of one syllable having one vowel and ending in a single consonant, double the consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel; Ex.
beg + ar = beggar
run + ing = running
rob + ed = robbed
sad + est = saddest
But:- wish + ing = wishing ( two Consonants )
fear + ing = fearing ( two vowels)
Like + ed = liked ( ending in a vowel)
Keep + ing = keeping ( two vowels)
help + ed = helped ( two consonants )
love + er = lover ( ending in a vowel)
In words of more than one syllable ending in single vowel + single consonant, double the final consonant when the stress falls on the last syllable.
The consonant 'I' is usually doubled in the words ending in 'I' following a single vowel or two vowels pronouneed seperately:
begin + ing = beginning
permit + ed = permitted
occur + ed = occurred
control + er = controller
Exceptions: Answer + ed = Answered
conquer + ing = conquering
In the following, the final consonant is also doubled, e.g.:- kidnapped, handicapped, worshipping, horsewhipped, biassed, dialled etc.
The consonant 'I' is usually doubled in the words ending in 'I' following a single vowel or two vowels pronouneed seperately:
travel + er = traveller
quarrel + ed = quarrelled
signal + ing = signalling
distil + er = distiller
cruel + ly = cruelly
dial + ed = dialled
refuel + ed = refuelled
duel + ist = duellist
RULE - 2 : Omission of a final 'e':-
In words ending in 'e' following a consonant, drop the 'e' before a suffix if the suffix beging with a vowel; as,
live + ing = living
hope + ing = hoping
move + able = movable
The 'e' remains before a suffix beginning with a consonant: as,
hope + ful = hopeful
engage + ment = engagement
fortunate + ly = fortunately
immediate + ly = immediately
Thr chief Exceptions are: truly, duly, wholly, ninth.
In words ending in 'ce' or 'ge' , retain the 'e' before a suffix beginning with a, o,u; sa,
replace + able = replaceable
change + able = changeable
courage + ous = courageous
manage + able = mangeable
trace = able = traceable
Exceptions: see, next,point,
In words ending in 'ce' , change the 'e' to 'i' before suffix 'ous'.
grace + ous = gracious
space + ous = spacious
malice + ous = malicious
vice + ous = vicious
In words ending in 'ee' , do not drop an 'e' before a suffix.
agree + ing = agreeing
agree + ment = agreement
foresee + ing = forseeing
foresee + able = forseeable
RULE - 3 : Words ending in 'y' :-
When a final 'y' follows a consonant, change 'y' into 'i' before any suffix except ing; as,
happy + ly = happily
beauty + ful = beautiful
marry + age = marriage
But: marry + ing = marrying
carry + ing = carrying
When 'y' follows a vowel in the word, nothing changes in the final word.
pray + ed = prayed
play + es = played
obey + ed = obeyed
play + er = player
Notice a few Exceptions of the above two rules for words ending in 'y' : piteous, bounteous, plenteous, shyly, shyness, dryness, slyly, slyness.
RULE - 4: The suffix 'full':-
The second 'L' in the suffix full is dropped. if the word to which it is added ends in 'LL', the second 'L' is dropped here also.
skill+ful = skilful
will+ful = wilful
RULE - 5 : 'ie' And 'ei' :-
When ie or ei is pronounced as in 'bee' , the i comes before the e except after e; as
believe, relieve, grieve, species.
Note the Exceptions: seize, counterfeit, weird, plebeian.
0 टिप्पणियाँ